In 2015, the government carried out decentralization and adopted basic legislation on state regional policy.
ForUkraine with its various regions, which differ in natural conditions, level of urbanization, structure of the regional economy, linguistic, historical, religious preferences, ethnic composition, a balanced state regional policy should be much more important than for the EU, but for many years it remained out of the state's attention. This is written in the article “State regional policy 2023: to be or not to be?“ experts directly involved in decentralization and the creation of a new regional policy, Anatoly Tkachuk, Yuriy Tretyak and Ivan Lukerya. span>
The authors note that all this led to the first serious split along the East-West line in 2004, when the Severodonetsk Congress of Local Council Deputies was even held with the proclamation of the South-Eastern Ukrainian Autonomous Republic. At that time, the crisis of statehood was overcome, as the Russian Federation was not yet ready for military pressure on Ukraine.
During the years from 2005 to 2013, experts emphasize, Ukraine and could not fully return to the issue of cohesion policy and the policy of equalizing interregional differences within the framework of a conscious state regional policy. Instead, Russia used regional differences to destroy Ukraine from within.
Therefore, the seizure of Crimea and a large part of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in 2014 became a reality. Attempts to capture Odesa, Dnipro, Kharkiv, and Zaporizhzhia failed then.
Experts emphasize that the war started by the Russian Federation in the spring of 2014 in Donbas led to grave consequences. More than a million people have left their places of permanent residence, Ukraine has lost a significant part of its industrial potential, significant changes have taken place in the structure of many regional economies.
“The lack of real steps to form the cohesion of the Ukrainian space during 1991-2013, a significant asymmetry in the economic development of Ukrainian regions, the cultivation by politicians of cultural, religious, linguistic, ethnic, and historical differences between residents of different regions became the catalyst for the war of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine,” they noted. authors.
Ukraine began to engage in a meaningful regional policy late. The Framework Law “On the Basics of State Regional Policy” was adopted only in 2015, already after the start of the war with the Russian Federation.
During 2008-2009, the Ministry of Regions prepared draft concepts for the implementation of three reforms that were supposed to change the country: Concept of reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power; Concept of state regional policy; The concept of training, retraining and advanced training of civil servants and employees of local self-government bodies.
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In 2010, after the change of government, the approved concepts were canceled and the work in the areas defined by them was curtailed. They were restored only after the Revolution of Dignity, when Ukraine carried out decentralization and adopted basic legislation on state regional policy. However, the civil service and the service in local self-government bodies after the first two years of progress suffered a serious collapse.
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